A review provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological activities, their molecular mechanisms, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics of sophoridine. Wang 2021

Reviewed the distribution of kaempferol, a flavonoid found in Sophora japonica, in the plant kingdom and the pharmacological activity of the compound. Also analyzed the pharmacokinetics (e.g. oral bioavailability, metabolism, plasma levels) and safety. Calderón-Montaño 2020

Reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of Sophora japonica (Huai). He 2016

Reviewed the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity of kaempferol, a flavonoid found in Sophora japonica and many other edible plants. Review focused on its molecular targets and the possible use of this flavonoid for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Rajendran 2014

Review of the effects of S. japonica on cerebral infarction cited studies showing it reduced the size of cerebral infarction and neurological deficits and reduced microglial activation, interleukin-1β release and number of apoptotic cells in ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats. Chen 2010