Matricaria chamomilla (syn. M. recutita, Chamomilla recutita)

A pharmacognostic standardization study identified ethyl acetate extract of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flowers as providing the most potent activity against prostate cancer cell lines, compared to aqueous, hydroalcoholic, petroleum benzene, and methanol extracts. Khan 2023

α-Bisabolol, a component of chamomile essential oil, combined with cyclodextrin, induced apoptosis in pancreastic cancer cells and tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Kano 2023

Ethyl acetate extract of Matricaria chamomilla showed inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecalis, suggesting potential use as a root canal irrigant. Kameri 2023

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flower extract inhibited histamine release by IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, a model of mast cell stimulation, providing mechanistic support for the use of the extract in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Altenbernd 2022

Chamomile tea polysaccharides could potentially inhibit the adhesion of Giardia sp. parasites to intestinal cells, and synergistically increased the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drug nitazoxanide. Sabatke 2022

A study evaluated the inhibitory activity of Matricaria recutita essential oil against SARS-CoV-2 delta pseudovirus entry into human cells in vitro. Torres Neto 2022

In models of SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory response, a novel herbal combination, composed extracts of blackberry, chamomile, garlic, cloves, and elderberry, inhibited the release of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) and inteurleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), suppressed lung and spleen expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ameliorated "sickness behavior," in vitro and in mice. Schapovalova 2022

Apigenin, naturally found in chamomile, induced cell cycle arrest of prostate cancer cells, reducing the mRNA and protein expression of key regulators that govern the transition to mitosis. Hnit 2022

Matricaria chamomilla essential oil was the most noted antibiotic against multiple species tested (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis), compared to the juniper (Juniperus communis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and sage (Salvia officinalis) oils, showing antagonistic activity with the latter. Frydrysiak 2021

A study investigating the effects of Matricaria recutita essential oil during the treatment of eczema identified inhibition of the Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathway with the resultant reduction in interleukin-17 levels, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 levels as the mechanism behind the activity. Wang 2021

A study reported bisabolol oxide A and (E)-tonghaosu as the major compounds in an extract of Matricaria chamomilla flowers, and apigenin-7-β-d-glucoside in the stem extract. The flower extract suppressed the proliferation and migration of colon and breast cancer stem cells, and inhibited adenovirus replication, in vitro. Shaaban 2021

A study did not find Matricaria chamomilla extract effective against cariogenic bacteria and in preventing the development of dental caries. Braga 2021

Matricaria chamomilla extract was found ineffective in reversing biofilm formation by oral bacteria on tooth surfaces ex vivo. Fathi 2021

Water and butanol extracts of Matricaria chamomilla showed inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme purified from human plasma. Bas 2021

A study evaluated the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Matricaria chamomilla extract. Zahid 2020

In a study of several Egyptian plant extracts, the methanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla showed one of the two lowest half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against Toxoplasma gondii, in vitro. Elazab 2020

An alcoholic extract of chamomile showed antifungal and antimicrobial (against Gram-positive cocci) activities, and inhibited migration of human MCF7 breast cancer cells, inducing necrosis of the cells; anti acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase activities were also assessed. Danciu 2020

A honey/chamomile extract inhibited KEAP1-NRF2 interaction and induced production of an antioxidant small proline-rich protein in a culture of human epidermal keratinocytes. Ogawa 2020

Protein hydrolysates of Matricaria chamomilla, containing bioactive peptides, showed antioxidant and cytotoxic effects under gastrointestinal digestion conditions in vitro. Taghizadeh 2020

A study reported potential antifibrotic activity of apigenin, a flavonoid naturally present in Matricaia chamomilla, in cardiac fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), in vitro. Wang 2020

A sesquiterpene from Matricaria chamomilla showed scolicidal activity against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Youssefi 2020

Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, reportedly one of the major components of the ethanolic extract of chamomile, showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suppressing H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production and inhibiting NF-?B/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling, in macrophage-like cells in vitro. Wang 2020

a-Bisabolol, a constituent of Matricaria recutita O(syn. M. chamomilla) essential oil, suppressed extracellular matrix degeneration, and attenuated destabilization of the medial meniscus, in models of osteoarthritis. Xu 2020

An antifungal peptide (32-64 µg/mL) from Matricaria chamomilla flowers showed inhibitory activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Seyedjavadi 2020

Matricaria chamomilla L. flower oil promoted differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells in vitro. Saghahazrati 2020

A study evaluated the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flowers dry extract on the intestinal barrier function in a cellular model of inflammatory bowel disease. Weber 2020

An experimental mouth rinse containing Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract showed antibiotic activity and reduced enamel demineralization, compared to negative control, in a dental biofilm model produced cariogenic bacteria. Braga 2020

Nanoemulsions of chamomile essential oil showed antibacterial and antifungal activities in the aqueous medium. Das 2019

Apigenin, a flavonoid extracted from Matricaria chamomilla, attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammatory factors and NF-?B activation in BV2 microglia cells via promotion of Nrf2 activity. Chen 2019

Aqueous extracts of Matricaria chamomilla, obtained by shaking at ambient temperature or boiling in unsterilized tap water, showed no antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Whitehead 2019

A study characterized an essential oil from chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) flower heads, and found it to have fungicidal inhibitory effects against all the tested isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, and A. flavus, isolated from bean, corn and rice. Awney 2019

A chamomile extract and one of its constituents, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, inhibited cholesterol uptake, glucose absorption, and chylomicron secretion by human intestinal epihelial cells in vitro. Villa-Rodriguez 2019

Apigenin, an important constituent of chamomile, suppressed the proliferation and migration of human melanoma cells in vitro, and elicited anti-angiogenic activity. Ghi?u 2019

Apigenin, a flavonoid found in chamomile tea, showed neuroprotective activity against peripheral nerve degeneration. Kim 2019

A novel antifungal peptide isolated from Matricaria chamomilla showed antifungal activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Seyedjavadi 2019

Chamomile oil showed bactericidal activity against Borrelia sp., a causative pathogen of Lyme disease. Goc 2019

Effect of a chamomile extract in protecting against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis. [No abstract] Khayyal 2019

A study investigated the effects of chamomile extract on keratinocytes subjected to UVA irradiation, in vitro. Silva 2019

Chamomile oil inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals of extracted human teeth. Shakya 2019

Apigenin, a flavonoid found in chamomile, reversed the up-regulation of multiple chemokines, induced by tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa), associated with advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer. Bauer 2019

An ethanolic extract of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) reduced the viability of human hepatocarcinoma cells and level of angiogenesis markers, in vitro and ex vivo. Al-Dabbagh 2018

A methanolic extract of chamomile showed weak antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells, affecting the fibroblast-like morphology of the cells, and abrogated the expansion of LPS-activated dendritic cells, in vitro. Danciu 2018

Treatment with a chamomile extract prevented hair bleaching induced by damaging exposure to UVA and visible light. Pavani 2018

A herbal preparation containing extracts of Juglans regia, Myrtus communis, Matricaria chamomilla, Urtica dioica, and Rosa damascena showed potent antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, the acne-associated pathogen. Kiliç 2018

Essential oil of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) exhibited toxicity towards Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum promastigotes with low inhibitory concentrations, (-)-a-bisabolol being identified as the most active constituent. Hajaji 2018

Several compounds found in a 70%-methanolic extract of Matricaria recutita L. suppressed advanced glycation end products production and sorbitol accumulation in the rat lens, suggesting promise for the management of diabetic complications. Hwang 2018

Chamazulene, isolated from chamomile essential oil, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species in aortic endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose conditions or hydrogen peroxide. Querio 2018

A hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla decreased the diameter of follicles and increased the production of progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17ß-estradiol in isolated mouse ovarian follicles, suggesting inhibitory effects on follicular function and development. Shoorei 2018

An ethanolic extract of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) showed lipase-inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-glycation activities, potentially relevant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Franco 2018

Constituents of chamomile (Matricaria recuita) apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and (Z)- and (E)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid glucosides differentially inhibited glucose transport and a-amylase activity, suggesting benefits for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetics. Villa-Rodriguez 2018

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) showed anthelminthic effects againt Haemonchus contortus, eliminating egg hatching 8 h post exposure, in vitro. Hajaji 2018

Methanolic extract of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) showed potential in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections, such granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis, and low toxicity in a murine model. Coumarins were identified as the active constituents. Hajaji 2017

A hydro-alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita inhibited spontaneous smooth muscle contractility and reduced K+- and Ca2+-induced contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum, thus demonstrating antispasmodic activity. Yazdi 2017

Chamomile tea decreased glucose transport by human glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5. Villa-Rodriguez 2017

An extract of Matricaria chamomilla (100 ppm) showed a mild inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Dogru 2017

Commercial eye drops (Dacriovis™) containing Matricaria chamomilla and Euphrasia officinalis extracts protected corneal epithelial cells from ultraviolet B-induced cell death and ameliorated experimental wound healing, in vitro. Bigagli 2017

Chamomile essential oil diminished ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius in vitro. El Khoury 2017

a-Bisabolol, one of the main constituents in chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil, inhibited the growth of Acanthamoeba castellani at the trophozoite stage. Hajaji 2017

A chamomile flower extract modulated gene expression in the cytokine/chemokine signaling pathway and enhanced interleukin-10 release, in activated human macrophages in vitro. Vissiennon 2017

A hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla suppressed the metastatic potential, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Nikseresht 2017

The research suggests that spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects are responsible for the efficacy of a combination of chamomile flower, myrrh, and coffee charcoal in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Vissiennon 2017

Chamomile essential oil showed the highest cytotoxicity (lowest IC50, 60 µL/mL) against human colon adenocarcinoma cells, in vitro, in a study of chemical and biological properties of Palestinian essential oils. A Al-Tamimi 2016

Matricaria chamomilla essential oil (β-farnesene, 52.73%; bisabolol oxide, 12.09%) was found to be active against Leishmania amazonensis, with IC50/24 h in the 54.05-162.25 μg/mL range. Andrade 2016

The antimicrobial activity of chamomile essential oil (25%-100%) against Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied. At 100% the oil was effective, albeit less so than eucalyptus and tea tree oils. Hans 2016

Matricaria recutita extract dose-dependently suppressed the expression of the ERG9 gene (conserved between the yeast and humans) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hosseinpour 2016

Chamomile brew exposure did not have any negative effects on the morphology or proliferation rates of human fibroblasts in vitro. Wyganowska-Swiatkowska 2016

Chamomile blue oil demonstrated no antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC reported as > 4%, in vitro. Sakkas 2016

A chamomile extract was as effective as sulfasalazine (2 mg/ml) in reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation and inflammation markers in human colorectal cells and LPS-induced isolated rat colon, providing evidence for anti-ulcerative colitis potential of chamomile. Menghini 2016

The antifungal activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil (22.10% α-pinene) against fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, was studied. Sharifzadeh 2016

Apigenin, a flavonoid found in chamomile, reduced viability, migratory properties, and increased apoptosis in choriocarcinoma cells in vitro. Lim 2016

Essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla showed relatively weak to none antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, compared to Thymus schimperi, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, in vitro. Mekonnen 2016

A Matricaria recutita aqueous extract (25-50 µg/mL) induced keratinocyte growth, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for its putative wound-healing effects. Alerico 2015

A chamomile flower extract induced chloride secretion from the human epithelial cell line T84, in the study of its potential for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Allam 2015

An RP-HPLC-DAD method for the determination of apigenin 7-glucoside (APG) in Matricaria recutita flower heads and their preparations was developed. The compound showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed. Miguel 2015

Matricine, present in chamomile flower heads, but not its degradation product chamazulene, showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, inhibiting ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α and LPS in endothelial cells with no cytotoxic effects. Flemming 2015

Antibacterial propertes of Matricaria recutita against 8 bacterial strains were assayed using TLC-direct bioautography. Apigenin was confirmed by LC/MS as the compound with the widest range of activity. Jesionek 2015

Matricaria chamomilla (25%, but not 15%) showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis, in vitro. Rahman 2015

Chamomilla recutita essential oil was among those (out of 15 tested) with the lowest levels of antifungal activity against Penicillium spp. Felšöciová 2015

Antioxidative activities of polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from Matricaria chamomilla against oxidative modifications of blood components are reported. Kolodziejczyk-Czepas 2015

Extracts of Matricaria chamomilla, obtained by microwave assisted extraction, showed significant antibacterial activities against S. aureus end E. coli, but not S. typhi, in vitro. Munir 2014

The alleged effect of topical chamomile extract prepared in sesame oil (used in Traditional Persian Medicine for migraine pain relief), with addition of chamomile essential oil, may involve multiple actions of chamomile, as well as sesame, constituents. Zargaran 2014

Apigenin, a flavone found at high concentrations in chamomile, induced cell cycle arrest, phosphorylation of Akt, and induced reactive oxygen species generation, which was not inhibited by glutathione, in several human breast cancer cell lines. Harrison 2014

Essential oil of Chamomilla recutita was tested for its antibacterial activity against Clostridium spp. Kačániová 2014

Luteolin, a characteristic chamomile compound, suppressed NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) release, in human monocytic cells grown under hyperglycemic conditions. Kim 2014

Antibacterial activity of a chamomile infusion against Helicobacter pylori was compared to that of other herbs. Green tea, St. John's wort, and rooibos infusions were found to be superior to those of chamomile, peppermint, and lime flower. Boyanova 2014

Bisabololoxide A (1-10 μM), a constituent of German chamomile extracts, partially rescued rat thymocytes from cell death induced by calcium overload, in vitro. Fukunaga 2014

The antimicrobial activities of a Matricaria chamomilla extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were found to be higher than those of methylparaben. Herman 2013

Matricaria recutita extract was shown to inhibit Hsp70 release from neuroblastoma cells and primary human neurons, but have no influence on the release of neuropeptide Y, contrary to the effect of putative adaptogens, in vitro. Asea 2013

Bisabolol, a constituent of chamomile, inhibited H2O2-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in normal human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Mamalis 2013

A hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile was more effective than sodium hypochlorite in removing the smear layer from human teeth ex vivo. Venkataram 2013

Chamomile compounds apigenin, luteolin, umbelliferone, and (-)-α-bisabolol induced concentration-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary and splenic arteries, via calcium influx- and cGMP-dependent mechanisms. Roberts 2013

Chamomile as well as its constituent apigenin induced DNA strand breaks in a cellular model in vitro. Hossain 2013

The anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities of chamomile and marigold (Calendula officinalis) tea were examined. Matricaria recutita showed much lower cytotoxicity to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Matić 2013

An aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production by THP1 macrophages, albeit less potently than meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) and willow bark (Salix alba), in vitro. Drummond 2013

Pretreatment with chamomile increased the viability of H2O2-treated murine macrophage-like cells in vitro. Bhaskaran 2013

The antioxidant activity, anti-tumor potential, and hepatotoxicity of a methanolic extract, infusion, and decoction of Matricaria recutita, as well as their contents of organic acids and phenolic compounds, were assessed. Guimarães 2013

The antifungal properties of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against Candida albicans were assessed by qPCR. Agustí 2013

Matricaria recutita flower essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized and showed antifungal activity against medically important dermatophytes and opportunistic saprophytes. Jamalian 2012

Matricaria chamomilla essential oil was the strongest inhibitor, of the 20 oils tested, of the activities of DNA polymerases α and λ, and suppressed the growth of rat basophilic leukemia cells and mast cell degranulation, in vitro. Mitoshi 2012

The cytoprotective effect of chamomile in H2O2-induced murine macrophage-like cells was found to involve upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1), and thioredoxin-1 (Txr-1), as well as nuclear translocation of Nrf2, in vitro. Bhaskaran 2012

Matricaria chamomilla suppressed generation of reactive oxygen species by Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Zaidi 2012

The antiinflammatory effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) infusions, as well as its major constituents flavonoid-7-glycosides, in gastric adenocarcinoma cells were associated with inhibition of neutrophil elastase and metalloprotease-9. Bulgari 2012

Chamomile essential oil represented the most potent acaricidal agent against Tetranychus urticae, followed by marjoram and eucalyptus essential oils, among the three oils tested. Abd El-Moneim 2012

Phytochemical analyses of Matricaria chamomilla crude extract and essential oil were performed. The extract was shown to be efficient against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Silva 2012

Comparative evaluation of herbs and spices against bacterial pathogens. [No abstract] Gupta 2012

A methanolic extract of Matricaria recutita inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis and pruritis by inhibiting histamine release from mast cells. Chandrashekhar 2011

The insecticidal effect of chamomile and 3 other essential oils against third larval instars of L.sericata was evaluated. The median lethal concentration of chamomile was 0.85% & adult emergence was suppressed 2% by chamomile oil. Khater 2011

An in vitro study was conducted on the activity of (-)alpha-bisabolol, the principal component of chamomile essential oil, against Leishmania infantum promastigotes. At the concentrations tested (1000 & 500mug/ml), (-)alpha-bisabolol and pentamidine achieved 100% inhibition. Morales-Yuste 2010

Bisabololoxide A, one of the main constituents in chamomile extract, induces apoptosis in rat thymocytes. The apoptosis was not observed when the concentration of Bisabololoxide A, was less than 10 microM and the incubation period was 3 hours or less. Ogata 2010

The antifungal activity of chamomile flower essential oil was evaluated against Aspergillus niger which was inhibited dose dependently with a maximum of approximately 92.50%. Morphological alterations observed might be due to the effect on cell permeability. Tolouee 2010

A study on the cytotoxic action of bisabololoxide A of chamomile on human leukemia K562cells in combination with 5-fluorouracil showed that simultaneous application of chamomile containing bisabololoxide A may reduce the dose of 5-fluorouracil. Ogata-Ikeda 2010

Activities of 10 essential oils including chamomile towards Propioni-bacterium acnes & PC-3, A-549 & MCF-7 cancer cells were studied. Cytotoxicity of all essential oils on human prostate carcinoma cell (PC-3) was stronger than on human lung carcinoma(A549) & human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Zu 2010

The altitudinal variation of the contents of secondary metabolites in flowering heads of Matricaria chamomilla cultivar BONA grown in 9 experimental plots at altitudes between 590 & 2,230 m was assessed. The flavonoids and phenolic acids were quantified by HPLC/DAD & correlated with altitude. Ganzera 2008

The effect of chamomile was investigated on human platelet cAMP-PDE & recombinant PDE5A1 in of infusions from flowers & capitula which showed that chamomile inhibited cAMP-PDE activity while cGMP-PDE5 was less affected. cAMP-PDE inhibition is likely mechanism for spasmolytic activity. Maschi 2008

The inhibitory effect of chamomile essential oil and its constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 & CYP3A4) was investigated. Three constituents of the oil (chamazulene, cis-spiroether & trans-spiroether) showed to be potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 & CYP3A4. Ganzera 2006

The effect of chamomile extract & tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil used as irrigants for removal of smear layer in root canal of extracted teeth were studied and showed that the efficacy of chamomile to remove smear layer was superior to NaOCl alone but less than combined NaOCl + EDTA. Sadr Lahijani 2006

Bioassay suggests that echinacea, propolis, elder, mastic gum, marigold, sage, lavender, thyme, and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) may inhibit halitosis. Sterer 2006

Acaricidal activity of aqueous extracts of chamomile flowers, was evaluated against the mite Psoroptes cuniculi which is responsible for otoacariasis in domestic animals. Mites were exposed to the extracts for 24, 48 or 72 h. A decoction of 10% formulation showed 100% acaricidal activity. Macchioni 2004

A new nonpeptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist- tetracoumaroyl spermine - was isolated from the extract of dried flowers of Matricaria chamomilla. It has a unique structure of a polyacylated spermine and was concentrated in pollen of chamomile. Yamamoto 2002

Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla showed that i)apigenin reduced GABA -activated Cl(-) currents in cultured cerebellar granule cells, ii) reduced the latency in the onset of picrotoxin-induced convulsions, & iii) in rats reduced locomotor activity. Avallone 2000

Aqueous, ethanolic & petroleum ether extracts of Matricaria recutita and other species were studied. The antimycotic activity was evaluated in vitro on Candida albicans isolated from cases of ac. vaginitis. Trovato 2000

Matricaria esters and lactones gave minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 50 micrograms/ml against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lu 1998

Wild camomile and marigold infusions blocked the aggregation of E. coli but were not bactericidal Turi 1997

In vitro cytotoxic effect of six medicinal plants containing flavonoids including Matricaria recutita was studied by means of the dye test using cells of the Yoshida ascites sarcoma. Trovato 1996

Chamazulene and (-)-alpha-bisabolol had no distinct effects on the protamine sulphate-provoked degranulation of mast cells Miller 1996

Chamazulene inhibited lipid peroxidation, in a concentration and time dependent manner, with IC50 = 18 microM after 45 min incubation Rekka 1996

Apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) competitively inhibited the binding of flunitrazepam to benzodiazepine receptor (Ki 4 microM) and no effect on muscarinic receptors, alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and binding of muscimol to GABAA receptors Viola 1995

An in vitro study on the effect of 5 medicinal herbs on lymphocyte rosette-forming function in the blood samples from ENT patients with immunodeficiency showed that Matricaria chamomilla L. and Chelidonium L. infusions stimulated rosette formation [Article in Russian]. Kliachko 1994

Chamazulene inhibited the formation of leukotriene B4 in intact cells IC50 =15 microM and peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Matricine showed no effect up to 200 microM. Safayhi 1994

Absorption and excretion of apigenin, apigenin-7-glycoside and herniarin after oral administration of extracts of Matricaria recutita (L.) (syn. Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) [Article in German] Tschiersch 1993

Chamomile extract partially inhibits tick-borne encephalitis [Article in Russian] Fokina 1991

Extracts of camomile and Saint-John's-wort inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase activity of yeast cells whereas the extracts of nettle and mint increased it [Article in Russian] Krallish 1991

Pharmacologic studies on chamomile compounds. VI. Studies on the antiphlogistic effect of chamazulene and matricine [Article in German] Jakovlev 1983

Matricaria chamomilla, and M. inodora were among the best, out of 41plants, at inhibiting polio and herpes viruses [Article in French] Suganda 1983

Vaccinal poliovirus type 1, Coxsackie B3 virus and echovirus type 1 survived in mineral water, camomile infusion and coffee for over 20 days but were inactivated in Chinese tea, lime and mint infusions Zavate 1982

Uterine tonus enhancing (in vitro): Matricaria chamomilla > Calendula officinalis > Celosia cristata > Plantago lanceolata > Symphytum officinale > Capsella bursa pastoris > Hypericum perforatum [Article in Bulgarian] Shipochliev 1981

Pharmacological investigations with compounds of chamomile. V. Investigations on the spasmolytic effect of compounds of chamomile and Kamillosan on the isolated guinea pig ileum [Article in German] Achterrath-Tuckermann 1980

Antifungal effect of the biologically active components of Matricaria chamomilla L [Article in Hungarian] Mariann 1976

Proteolytic activity of pepsin is reduced by 50 percent through addition of bisabolol in the ratio of 2/1 [Article in German] Isaac 1975

Cardiac effects of chamomile tea. Gould 1973