Matricaria chamomilla (syn. M. recutita, Chamomilla recutita)

A study provides information on the chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil, cultivated in Serbia. Gladikostić 2023

Extracts obtained from Matricaria recutita white ray florets using supercritical CO2 fluid demonstrated cytotoxic and proliferation-reducing activities in immortalized cell lines, as well as antimicrobial activity. Nakurte 2023

A study presents the results of a phytochemical characterization of Matricaria recutita roots, as well as evidence of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, aimed to promote valorization of the by-product of chamomile flower production. Mailänder 2022

Convection oven-drying (at 45 °C) resulted in the highest extract yield (90.2%), total polyphenol content (57.0 mg GAE/g), and lowest moisture content (8.5%) and water activity levels of a Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract, compared to freeze- and spray-drying. Lee 2022

An analytical study determined the composition of free and bound phenolic compounds, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity in ten different herbal plant raw materials, including chamomile flowers. Foss 2022

The dichloromethane fraction of a 75%-ethanol extract of M. chamomilla proved to be the most potent of all tested for the anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages, in vitro, the main compounds being identified as axillarin, tricin, chrysoeriol, centaureidin, and chrysosplenetin. Duan 2022

A study reports on the volatile constituents of Matricaria chamomilla, among other plants traditionally used as tea in the Sharri Mountain regions (Kosovo and North Macedonia). Hajdari 2022

By-products of Matricaria recutita processing comprised 24% of its total processed mass, in Greece, their aqueous extracts yielding several bioactive compounds, as determined by LC-MS. Dina 2022

A study reports on the utility of high-performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography methods for obtaining chemical fingerprints of medicinal herbs found in the Latvian market, including Matricaria recutita. Bārzdiņa 2022

A study analyzed the constituent profiles of Greek populations of Matricaria recutita, including three commercial varieties (Banatska, Lutea and Goral), finding relatively high contents of apigenin derivatives and caffeoylquinic acids. Tsivelika 2021

Analysis of six commercial extracts of chamomile (M. recutita syn. M. chamomilla) found high but varying concentrations of active constituents and levels of antioxidant activity in all products, with high dosages presenting cytotoxic effects in immortalized human cells. Catani 2021

Use of deionized water improved total polyphenol and flavonoid extraction from and antioxidant activity of chamomile tea, among other botanicals, compared to highly mineralized water. Wyrostek 2021

A study analyzed the content of heavy metals and radioactive elements (2 radionuclides, Al, As, Cd, Hg, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and V) in samples of commonly used herbs, including chamomile. Thabit 2020

Researchers assessed the concentrations of some toxic and trace elements and minerals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mn) in wild medicinal plants, including Matricaria chamomilla, harvested in an urban and rural area near Varna, Bulgaria. Georgieva 2020

A study quantified the concentrations of trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) in 28 herbal teas, including chamomile. Kilic 2020

An exploratory study carried out DNA barcoding and UHPLC-MS analysis of Matricaria recutita samples, obtained in pharmacies, supermarkets, and herbal shops, finding that none of the samples contained the minimum required content of active principles as required by European agencies. Sánchez 2020

A study determined the content of apigenin and total phenols in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Matricaria chamomills, also finding that the extracts showed contrasting effects on macrophages viability, interferon-? and interleukin-10 levels, and Th1 polarization, in vitro. Asadi 2020

A study of chemical diversity in twelve Matricaria chamomilla populations identified seventeen volatile compounds, a-bisabolone oxide A being the major constituent (45.64-65.41%) in all but one of the samples, the latter ascribed to a novel chemotype, "Sarableh." Piri 2019

Analysis of chamomile (Matricaria chamomella) flowers found apigenin as the most abundant polyphenol, followed by luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. Qureshi 2019

Polysaccharides with prebiotic activity (inulin type fructan and fructooligosaccharides), as well as a highly methyl esterified and acetylated homogalacturonan and a type II arabinogalactan were identified in chamomile flower tea. Chaves 2019

A study analyzed trace element (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Se, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) levels in Brazilian herbal teas, including chamomile. Milani 2019

A study assessed the occurrence of mycotoxins in commercial samples of herbal teas, including chamomile, chamomile with anise, and chamomile with honey. Pallarés 2019

An analytical study critically evaluated the existing techniques used in the analysis of volatile quality markers in chamomile. Sgorbini 2019

(-)-a-bisabolol, found mainly in Matricaria chamomilla, administered orally (50-200 mg/kg), decreased infarct size and neurological deficits and improved memory and locomotor activity in a mouse model of cerebral ischemic stroke. Fernandes 2019

An article reviews the chemical constituents of Matricaria spp. (including M. chamomilla), highlighting their applications as antimicrobial agents. Sharifi-Rad 2018

A study reported several novel degradation products of umbelliferone, a coumarin compound found in chamomile flowers. Dawidowicz 2018

The total phenolic content in chamomile tea was determined to be 11.15 mg/200 mL, compared to 154.53 mg/200 mL in mate and 215.05 mg/200 mL in a coffee blend. Baeza 2018

Infusions of chamomile blossoms, obtained in Poland, showed cadmium levels exceeding World Health Organizaion standards; however, calculated daily intake was very low. Miroslawski 2018

Extracts with the highest concentrations of umbelliferone, a known UV-blocking compound used in sunscreens, and herniarin--both coumarin derivatives--were obtained from chamomile processing waste by maceration in 50% aqueous ethanol, as compared to other extraction techniques and raw materials. Molnar 2017

A study reported thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiles of a chamomile extract, obtained at different stages of extraction. Abdelhameed 2017

A simple and efficient GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 160 pesticide residues in herbs was fully validated on chamomile. Taha 2017

A novel on-line SPE-HPLC method was applied to the analysis of coumarins in chamomile tea. Machynáková 2017

A study evaluated elemental levels (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Rb, Sr, Zn, Al, As, Ba, Co, Sb, Cr, and V) in Romanian crop medicinal plants, including chamomile. Haidu 2017

An analytical study comprehensively determined the chemical profiles of chamomile, using UHPLC-QToF-MS, correctly distinguishing German and Roman chamomile by the contents of 26 flavonoids. Avula 2017

A study focused on the optimization of authentication and quality evaluation of herbal teas, including chamomile, by direct analysis in real time/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Prchalová 2017

An HPTLC method for the quantification of apigenin 7-O-glucoside (active marker compound) as well as chemical fingerprinting of chamomile tea products was validated and found to be superior to the European Pharmacopoeia HPLC method in detecting adulteration. Guzelmeric 2017

Transition rates of selected metals (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and mercury) from teas including chamomile (prepared by typical household methods) were mostly below 100%. Researchers proposed default transition rates for metals to avoid overestimation of exposure levels. Schulzki 2017

No significant differences were found in the HPLC profiles of chamomile samples obtained from different commercial manufacturers indicating the high quality of commercially available samples of chamomile, according to researchers. Viapiana 2016

Unique fingerprints for chamomile tea (and other botanicals) were obtained using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy indicating this method may be an alternative tool in order to determine the characteristics of tea varieties. Buyukgoz 2016

Phenolic profiles of decoctions and infusions showed the lowest levels in Matricaria chamomilla preparations and the highest content in Mentha spicata. Preparation time for decoctions showed that 15min preparations exhibited more phenolics and higher antioxidant capacity. Fotakis 2016

Application of planar columns (also known as microchannels, MEMS columns, or microfabricated columns) for gas-chromatographic study of essential oil and headspace volatile fractions of chamomile was studied showing performances close to the reference conventional narrow-bore columns. Cagliero 2016

A method for determining flavonoids in chamomile infusion was developed and validated, taking into account flavonoid retention under different chromatographic conditions. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, the method was validated and applied for the determination of the flavonoids. Sentkowska 2016

High concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., aluminium, barium, cadmium, lead, cobalt, copper) were found in chamomile and other teas sold in Brazil. Chamomile was the highest concentration. Researchers concluded that inorganic contaminants in teas should have their impact carefully monitored. Schunk 2016

A cluster analysis based on the chemical compositions of 48 samples of chamomile oil from Nepal reported in the literature has revealed seven chemotypes, and the oil from Nepal represents the (E)-β-farnesene chemotype. Satyal 2015

Pre-packed chamomile teabags obtained in supermarkets in Israel were shown to contain high levels of dehydro pyrrolizidine alkaloids in "almost all" samples analyzed. The PA concentrations in chamomile ranged from 20 to 1729 μg/kg. Shimshoni 2015

A comparison of chamomile essential oil infusion from raw material, dietary supplements and tea bags showed that availability was higher in the tea infusions and the dietary supplements contained significantly lower amounts of plant material compared to the herbal teas. Kowalski 2015

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels were examined in German herbal medicinal tea products, including chamomile tea. Researchers concluded that teas may contain high amounts of PAs exceeding current recommendations. Single-ingredient teas contained less or no detectable amounts when compared to blends. Schulz 2015

Heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, iron, zinc) were found in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and other botanicals obtained in the market in Dubai. Findings suggested most analyzed herbs contained levels of heavy metals exceeding World Health Organization permissible limits. Dghaim 2015

The most abundant free amino acids in chamomile flowers included alanine, proline and leucine. Tyrosine and methionine were least abundant. Reverse-phase HPLC preceded by pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate proved to be a reliable method of analysis. Ma 2015

Chemical profiles of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita), Tanacetum parthenium and Calendula officinalis were compared. Apigenin was detected only in chamomile extracts (highest concentration in flower head extracts). Parthenolide was detected in all leaf extracts. Agatonovic-Kustrin 2015

A high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for determining Matricaria recutita from potential adulterants, as well as for apigenin 7-O-glucoside as a marker compound, was developed and validated. Researchers suggested this method may be a leading guide for quality assessment of chamomile. Guzelmeric 2015

Levels of microelements and essential heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Se, Sn and Al) in 14 Serbian medicinal plants including Matricaria chamomilla, were determined. The investigated samples of herbal teas were found to be safe for human consumption. Mihaljev 2014

Sesquiterpene lactones from German and Roman chamomiles were identified using a novel supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Both types of chamomile confirmed the presence of similar as well as distinct differences. Jones 2014

The content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in chamomile (and other) tea samples was assessed. PA concentrations in tea ranged from < LOD to 5647 µg kg(-1). Results suggest that PA in tea samples are most likely a contamination caused by co-harvesting of PA-producing plants. Bodi 2014

A rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HP-TLC) method for quantiation of six flavonoids and one coumarin in chamomile plant samples and dietary supplements was developed and was was successfully able to differentiate two chamomiles (German and Roman) and Chrysanthemum. Sagi 2014

An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five flavones and three methoxylated flavonols in Matricaria chamomilla was developed. Total contents of the eight flavonoids ranged from 1.843 to 2.134 mg/g, with apigenin being the highest (.54-.62 mg/g). Xie 2014

The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of chamazulene, isolated from hydrodistilled essential oil of chamomile, were assessed and showed that chamazulene is an important factor for the antioxidant power of chamomile oil. Capuzzo 2014

Amino acid profile of an aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla was studied using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and an automatic amino acid analyzer to determine reliable methods for the standardization of natural product drugs. Qureshi 2014

Determination of polyphenolic constituents of Matricaria recutita (and other botanicals) and their antimicrobial activities was performed. Results suggested that phenolic composition seems to have a great influence on inhibition of plant pathogens. Boiteux 2014

Combination of GC/MS and chemometrics enabled 100.0% accuracy in discrimination of German chamomile, Roman chamomile, and Juhua (Chrysanthemum flower). Wang 2014

Marker compounds for discriminating between German and Roman chamomiles, and Chrysanthemum morifolium flower heads were discovered, and a new UHPLC-UV-QTOF/MS method proposed. Results indicated this method is suitable as QC test for various Chamomile/Chrysanthemum samples and market products. Avula 2014

A method of determining apigenin and apigenin 7-glucoside in Matricaria chamomilla using UPLC and photodiode array detector, was developed and produced significant improvements in method sensitivity, speed and resolution. Considerable variation in compound content in dry material was found. Haghi 2014

The phenolic profile of botanicals including chamomile ethanolic extract was investigated using HPLC-DAD. The extract contained high amounts of rosmarinic acid (confirmed by LC-MS), and possessed stronger antioxidant properties than yarrow or immortelle extracts. Mekinić 2014

Fractionation of a methanolic chamomile extract was performed to identify antibacterial compounds. Fractions having strong activity were analyzed by SPME-GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS and were mainly essential oil components, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and fatty acids. Móricz 2013

A spectrophotometric method for rapid assessment of sesquiterpene lactones in potentially allergenic Asteraceae species, including Matricaria chamomilla, was developed and determined to be a valuable tool for evaluating allergenic potential. Salapovic 2013

Using an in-depth investigation using a GC-assisted fractionation procedure was performed on nonpolar fractionshree new hydroxylated derivatives of bisabolol oxides A and B were isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Avonto 2013

Chamomile and celery were used to test the effects of glycosidase-rich foods and thermal processing on the stability of flavone glycosides. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside in chamomile extract was shown to be readily converted to apigenin aglycone after combination with almond, flax seed or chickpea flour. Hostetler 2013

Coumarins in the leaves and flower heads of Matricaria chamomilla were found to include skimmin, daphnin, and daphnetin, in addition to the previously known herniarin and umbelliferone. Daphnin may be responsible for the allergenic potential of chamomile. Petruľová-Poracká 2013

Chamomile infusion inhibited cell proliferation and reduced IL-8 levels in colon and prostate cancer cells, via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism, in vitro. The phenolic profile of the infusion was assessed by GC-MS. Kogiannou 2013

The TLC spectra and antioxidant activities of volatile oil and flavone extracts from German and Roman chamomiles produced in Xinjiang, China, were compared. This method lays a foundation for further identification of antioxidant components in chamomile. [Article in Chinese] Han 2013

Six different herbal teas, including Matricaria chamomilla, were investigated for nickel content which was present in the chromatographic fraction of all tea infusions. The only exception was the infusion of hibiscus tea, analysis showed that Ni is present in its divalent ionic form. Ščančar 2013

Levels of organophosphorus pesticides in Matricaria chamomilla consumed in Iran were detected in all of the samples below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) proposed by international organizations. Sarkhail 2012

Amount of minerals and trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mg, K, Na, P, Cu, Sr, and Ca) in Poland-grown Matricaria chamomilla, and other botanicals, and their infusions showed all herbs contained most of the elements, except K and P, in the μg/g range, and that concentrations varied widely. Pytlakowska 2012

The phenolic constituents of Matricaria chamomilla, and other botanicals, was studied using LC-PDA-ESI/MS and more than half of the phenol compounds for each herb had not been previously reported. The phenolic profile can be used for plant authentication and to correlate with biological activities. Lin 2012

Accumulation of tetracoumaroyl spermine, potentially useful in the treatment of depression and anxiety, in Matricaria chamomilla flower was found to possibly play an important role in pollen development and reaches maximal content when the corollae of tubular flowers start to open. Eliasová 2012

HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatile constituents of Matricaria chamomilla at different stages of growth, identified (E)-beta-farnesene was as the main marker of flower quality and confirmed that HS-SPME-GC-MS can be used as a sensitive technique for rapid screening and quality assessment. Rafieiolhossaini 2012

The antibacterial effect of a 50%-ethanolic extract of Matricaria recutica flowers was ascribed mainly to cis- and trans-spiroethers, and coumarins herniarin and umbelliferone. Móricz 2012

The chemical constituents of the volatile fraction of chamomile infusion were determined. The compounds were shown to differ from those of the essential oil, with higher amounts of spiroethers and coumarins, among other compounds, present. Tschiggerl 2012

Contents of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper were determined in chamomile. Concluding that infusions are not an important source of these minerals in human nutrition. Content levels depended on type of raw material and origin. Iron penetrated the infusions the least, copper the most. Suliburska 2012

Trace levels of pesticides in chamomile were determined by a novel QuEChERS protocol. The analysis revealed that large number of teas and chamomile sold in the European Union contain pesticides whose usage is not approved and also pesticides in concentrations above the EU MRLs. Lozano 2012

Assessment of heavy metal pollution using plant assay on leaves, flowers, stems, or roots from 4 plant species including Matricaria recutita showed that M. recutita was a metal avoider and all other 3 species were better metal accumulators. Gjorgieva 2011

Variations in the essential oil composition of chamomile from different European countries including Estonia, Moldova, Russia and the Czech Republic were determined. A total of 39 components were identified, representing over 92% of the total oil yield. Orav 2010

Content of toxic and essential metals Ba, Cr, Cd, Fe, Sr, Pb, and Zn in medicinal herbs Matricaria recutita, Urtica dioica, and Taraxacum officinale growing in polluted and unpolluted areas of Macedonia was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Gjorgieva 2010

Phenolic compounds of chamomile were analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS. The compounds present in both chamomile flowers & tea extracts were chlorogenic acid, umbelli-ferone, apigenin & apigenin-7-glucoside. In tea extracts more flavonoid glycosides such as rutin or quercitrin were present. Nováková 2010

Fast gas chromatography characterization of purified semiochemicals from essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla (M. recutita, Asteraceae) was developed. The GC-MS chromatograms were compared with those obtained by fast GC equipped with a direct resistively heated column. Heuskin 2009

The marker substances as usually used in phytotherapy cannot be transferred to homoeopathic mother tinctures. For example the marker substances echinacoside, apigenin-7-glucoside & rosmarinic acid found in flowers of Matricaria recutita cannot be found in homoeopathic mother tinctures. Biber 2009

Trace and major elements were determined in 5 medicinal herbs including Matricaria chamomilla, as well as in rhizosphere soil samples. The concentrations measured in both plants & soil samples were below maximum allowable concentration ranges considered for the European Union. Razić 2008

A PDMS fiber sol-gel coated onto a NiTi alloy previously electro-deposited with zirconium oxide was applied to the determination of organochlorine pesticides in herbal infusions including chamomile (Matricaria recutita L). This new fiber has an extraction efficiency comparable to PDMS 30. Budziak 2008

A study on various extraction techniques in 4 plants including Matricaria recutita showed that maximum extraction of daidzein & genistein were obtained with Soxhlet apparatus, ultrasonic bath & ultrasonic homogeniser & maximum apigenin & biochanin A were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. Bajer 2007

The use of ethnoveterinary medicines for ruminants in British Columbia was studied by conducting a semi-structured interview with 60 livestock farmers & evaluated at a participatory workshop; 128 plants were used for ruminant health & diets. Matricaria chamomilla was used for eye problems. Lans 2007

A study was carried out to evaluate HS-SPME recovery repeatability, intermediate precision & their performance over time when applied to HS-SPME sampling for quality control of medicinal & aromatic plants including chamomile. Results proved that HS-SPME can be used for routine control analysis. Bicchi 2007

The capillary electro-chromatography for the analysis of chamomile extracts was carried out to determine 11 phenolic compounds. All compounds were separated in less than 7.5 min. The merits of this method include linearity, intra-day precision of retention time and better peak area. Fonseca 2007

14 minerals & trace elements were determined in medicinal herbs (such as chamomile) & their infusions consumed in Turkey. Mineral & trace element content showed a wide variability & their distribution is not high & nil especially for Cd, Co, Cr & Pb. Başgel 2006

A review of the potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.) showed antioxidant, anti-microbial, & antiplatelet activity in vitro. Animal studies indicate anti-inflammatory action, antimutagenic & cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as antispasmodic & anxiolytic effects. McKay 2006

Headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-principal component analysis (HS-SPME GC-PCA) was carried out in 92 essential oils (EO) as a complementary or alternative method to EO GC-PCA in order to discriminate between flower-heads of chamomile of different chemotypes. Rubiolo 2006

Molybdate has been used as a novel complex-forming selector in the analysis of polyhydric phenols by capillary zone electrophoresis. The R.S.D. values ranged between 0.9 and 4.7% (n=3) when determining luteolin (0.08%) and apigenin (0.92%) in dry Matricaria recutita flowers. Polásek 2006

Validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the quantitative determination of free and total apigenin in methanolic, ethanolic and glycolic extracts of Chamomilla recutita was carried out. The method was validated for measurement of apigenin in the range 5.00-300 microg/mL (r2 = 0.993). Fonseca 2004

Chamomile flowers from 3 regions, namely, Egypt, Hungary & Slovakia were characterized using NMR-based metabolomics, which combines high-resolution (1)H-NMR spectroscopy with chemometric analysis. The metabolomic strategy employed in this study is an efficient tool for quality control. Wang 2004

The major flavonoids in white florets of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) were rapidly purified using a combination of polyamide solid-phase extraction and preparative HPLC. From the combined LC/MS, LC/MS/MS, and NMR data the apigenin glucosides were identified as apigenin 7-O-glucoside. Svehliková 2004

Hypericum perforatum L. and Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.- accumulators of some toxic metals. Král'ová 2003

Tannin level in manzanilla is below 10 mg/g [Article in Spanish] Pizarro 1994

Composition of essential oils from native Hungarian camomile [Article in Hungarian] Marczal 1989

Six new hydroperoxides, besides the known 1 beta-hydroperoxyisonobilin, from blossoms of Anthemis nobilis (syn. Chamaemelum nobile) [Article in German] Rucker 1989

Cadmium pollution affects Matricaria germination and growth and GLC analysis of extracts shows difference in active principles De Pasquale 1988

HPLC-DAD characterization of some medical plant extracts used in cosmetic formulas: Hamamelis virginiana, Matricaria chamomilla, Achillea millefolium, Thymus vulgaris, Althaea officinalis and Cinchonia spp Schulz 1988

Simultaneous isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of flavones and coumarins in Matricaria chamonilla extracts. Pietta 1987

A study on the localization, accumulation & composition of the essential oil in different plant parts of Matricaria Chamomilla showed an organ specific distribution of individual components in the different essential oils. Reichling 1984

[Substances contained in Matricaria chamomilla L]. [Article in Czech] Felklová 1978a

Analysis of the main components in the volatile oil of Matricaria chamomilla L. during the flowering period [Article in Czech] Felklova 1978

Herbicides in cultivation of Matricaria chamomilla L. II. Communication: influence of herbicides on the composition of the essential oil (author's transl) [Article in German] Reichling 1977

Sesquiterpene lactone C20H26O6 was isolated and found cytotoxic to HeLa, ED50 = 0.56 microgram/ml (1.5 E-6 M), and KB, ED50 = 1.23 microgram/ml (3.5 E-6 M) Grabarczyk 1977

[Structure of a third bisabololoxide from Matricaria chamomilla L (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].[Article in German] Schilcher 1976

A method for the determination of the chamazulene content of chamomile oil [Article in Hungarian] Gizella 1976

[Analytical study of chemazulene from essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla L]. [Article in Italian] Evdokimoff 1972

[The polyines from the genus Matricaria L]. [Article in German] Bohlmann 1967