Bio-guided fractionation resulted in the identification of budmunchiamines, a group of macrocyclic alkaloids, as the constituents in Acacia senegal extracts associated with antibacterial activity and restoration of sensitivity to chloramphenicol in resistant Escherichia coli strains.
Dofini Magnini 2023
Scientific Name:
Acacia senegal (syn. Senegalia senegal), A. seyal (syn. Vachellia seyal)
Family Name:
Fabaceae
Common Name:
gum acacia, Acacia gum, gum arabic
Evidence for Efficacy (Human Data)
Evidence of Activity
Other Information
Safety Data
Formulas/Blends
Dynamic Updates
Evidence of Activity
Analytical Chemistry
A study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of Acacia seyal gum using response surface methodology, followed by biochemical characterization of the extract using Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy.
Maher 2021
Phytochemical investigation of medicinal plants used by the indigenous communities of Saudi Arabia determined the total phenolic content, trace mineral levels, and antioxidant activity of Acacia seyal bark.
Suleiman 2021
An investigation into the emulsifying properties of gum arabic characterized its primary structure as a "disk-like star shaped nanoparticle."
Isobe 2020
Hydroethanolic extracts of Acacia seyal leaves possessed higher total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content compared to those of A. senegal; however, A. senegal extracts restored sensitivity to antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes.
Magnini 2020
Extracts of Acacia seyal bark containing a condensed tannin fraction, lupeol, phytosterols, and oleamide exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in vitro with the methanolic extract being less toxic the aqueous extract; tannin precipitation reduced antioxidant but enhanced antimicrobial properties.
Elmi 2020
An ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry method allowed successful identification of pure gum arabic in samples as little as 1 μg.
Pauk 2017
The molecular structure of the glycoprotein fraction of gum arabic (Acacia senegal) was investigated using small angle X-ray scattering, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy.
Renard 2014
Combined use of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics allowed for unambiguous discrimination of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal gum exudates.
Vanloot 2012
Characterization of the gum arabic (Acacia senegal) arabinogalactan-protein fraction behavior in solution revealed the existence of at least two types of objects with an outer structure combined with a porous inner network of interacting elements, their exact conformations depending on the size of the carbohydrate branches.
Renard 2012
A study proposes a new model for the structure of the arabinogalactan-protein component of gum arabic (Acacia senegal).
Mahendran 2008
A study using static light scattering compared the properties exhibited by matured gum arabic (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM) in solution with those of a conventional gum, with results showing concentration dependence.
Wang 2008
Investigation of the arabinogalactan peptide fraction comprising approximately 88% of the total acacia gum mass revealed a disk-like morphology with a central intricated "network," providing an incidental breakthrough in the knowledge of arabinogalactan-protein-type macromolecules.
Sanchez 2008
A study characterized the biochemical composition of the three distinct fractions occurring within the gum from Acacia senegal, i.e. an arabinogalactan-peptide, an arabinogalactan-protein, and a glycoprotein fraction.
Renard 2006
A study reports on the separation of different gums from their mixtures, including gum arabic, using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence.
Peng 2004
A study used monoclonal antibodies to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of potential adulterants of gum arabic (Acacia senegal), with some cross-reactivity found.
Ireland 2004
Gum arabic partially protected against copper-induced LDL oxidation in vitro.
Andrikopoulos 2003
Gum arabic (or its putative contaminant) inhibited the activity of human pancreatic lipase in triacylglycerol emulsions, with similar effects to those of bile salts on the interfacial binding and activity of the enzyme.
Tiss 2001
A comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of monolayers of gums from Acacia senegal and A. seyal and their fractions found A. senegal gums to exhibit better interfacial properties than A. seyal.
Fauconnier 2000
A study provides insight into the peptide motifs of gum arabic glycoprotein, a large-molecular-weight hydroxyproline-rich arabinogalactan-protein component of gum arabic.
Goodrum 2000
A study provides a comparison of the composition and immunological properties from gum arabic (Acacia senegal) and gum tahla (A. seyal), suggesting a higher relative arabinose content in the latter.
Menzies 1996
An article provides 13C-NMR reference data for commercial gum arabic derived from Acacia senegal, noting that while meeting the Revised Specification a "disturbingly high proportion" of contamination by gums of other kinds in the material imported into the USA and Europe in 1989/91.
Anderson 1991
A study uses well-preserved gum arabic samples for analytical insights into possible adulteration of gum arabic as a food additive.
Anderson 1990
[Gum acacia, acacia gum. The substituents of a type of gum arabic from Africa] [No abstract][Article in German]
Schöneberg 1989
A study elucidated the amino acid and sugar composition of gum talha (Acacia seyal exudate), occurring as a contaminant in Acacia senegal products, as well as four of its sequential Smith-degradation products.
Anderson 1988
A study reinterprets data from previous reports of the structures of gum exudates from Acacia spp., including Acacia senegal and A. seyal.
Street 1983
Use of gamma irradiation as a means of microbiological control of gum arabic (Acacia senegal) without inducing severe changes to the carbohydrate composition is discussed.
Bokhary 1983
Partial microbial degradation of gum arabic by gum-inhabiting Bacillus sp. produced rhamnose and arabinose. [Article in German]
Souw 1975
Influence of heat on the physico-chemical properties of gum-arabic [No abstract]
Moorjani 1948
The hydration of gum arabic and glycogen [No abstract]
Oakley 1937
The osmotic pressure of gum acacia solutions [No abstract]
Dodds 1934
A study presents the results of hydrolysis of a carbohydrate isolated from gum acacia (gum arabic).
Heidelberger 1929
The chemical constitution of the gums: Part I. The nature of gum arabic and the biochemical classification of the gums [No abstract]
Norman 1929
History of Record
ORIGINAL RESEARCH BY: Pavel Axentiev MS
January 2023
LATEST UPDATES BY: Pavel Axentiev MS
June 2023